Ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-25 yokuhlangenwe nakho okujulile embonini, i-Ningbo Haishu Honglong Automobile Service Co., Ltd.ibhasi eselisebenzileemakethe eChina. Njengoba ezokuthutha emhlabeni jikelele zishintshela ezixazululweni zamandla aluhlaza nezisebenza kahle kakhudlwana, siyaziqhenya ngokunikela ngebanga leprimiyamu lamabhasi eHybrid Asetshenzisiwe, ahlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo sezisombululo zokuhamba ezinobungani bemvelo kodwa ezinamandla emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngaphansi kwesidingo sokulinganisa imigomo "yekhabhoni ekabili" nokuthembela emithonjeni yamandla endabuko, amabhasi ayingxubevange asetshenzisiwe, anezinzuzo zawo eziyinhloko "zokushayela okukabili (uwoyela nogesi), ibanga elingenazinkathazo, nobungane bemvelo nokonga amandla," abe yinketho yesikhashana ekhethwayo yamaqembu amabhasi, izinkampani zezokuvakasha, kanye namabhizinisi ezokuthutha abagibeli basemadolobheni nasemaphandleni. Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhasi kagesi ahlanzekile, awathembeli kwingqalasizinda eningi yokushaja; imodi yabo ye-hybrid drive, ekwazi kokubili uwoyela nogesi, iwafanela kahle amadolobha, izindawo ezinhle, nezimo ze-shuttle yamabanga amade lapho iziteshi zokushaja zingenele. Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhasi kaphethiloli endabuko, anikeza ukonga kukaphethiloli okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni encishisiwe, ehambisana nezinqubomgomo zemvelo ngenkathi kulawulwa izindleko zokusebenza. Ngemva kweminyaka yokuqinisekiswa kwemakethe, isistimu yamandla yamabhasi ayingxubevange asetshenzisiwe yenze uhlelo oluvuthiwe lobuchwepheshe, oluhlinzeka ngesixazululo esivumelana nezimo kakhulu kubathengi abanesabelomali esilinganiselwe abadinga ukucabangela izimo zokusebenza eziningi.
Amabhasi ayingxube asetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko anosayizi ophakathi nendawo ukuya kumakhulu, agcina isitayela esizinzile samabhasi okuhweba endabuko kuyilapho ehlanganisa izici zedizayini eziqondene namamodeli ayingxube. Umzimba webhasi wakhiwe kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yensimbi enamandla amakhulu kanye ne-alloy ye-aluminium engasindi, okuyenza ibe lula kunamabhasi angenawo amandla kaphethiloli. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukonga uphethiloli ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuqina komzimba, okwenza kube kufanelekile ukusebenza isikhathi eside ezimweni zomgwaqo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ngokwesakhiwo sangaphandle, ngaphambili inomklamo oyindilinga, oqondile, ohambisana namalambu ahlanganisiwe eLED namalambu asebenza emini, okwenza ngcono kakhulu ukubonakala ebusuku. Uhlangothi lwebhasi lugcina isivalo sokugcwalisa uphethiloli ngenkathi yengeza imbobo yokushaja efihliwe. Idizayini yangemuva igcizelela ukusebenza, ifakwe ilambu lamabhuleki aphakeme kakhulu, ikhamera ehlehlayo, nesibonisi semodi yamandla, okuvumela umshayeli ukuthi aqaphe isimo semoto ngesikhathi sangempela. Imibala yomzimba eyinhloko imhlophe, isiliva-grey, kanye nohlaza. Amamodeli wamabhasi ngokuvamile ahlanganisa izimpawu zomzila, kuyilapho amamodeli ezivakashi angapendiwa kabusha ngokushesha ukuze avumelane nezimo ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza.
Ukuncintisana okuyinhloko kwamabhasi ayingxube esetshenzisiwe kusesistimu kagesi eyingxube evuthiwe, ehlukaniswa kakhulu ngamasistimu kagesi ayingxube ye-plug-in kanye ne-hybrid kagesi. Amamodeli we-hybrid we-plug-in ahlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza kukagesi ohlanzekile webanga elifushane ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, ashintshela ngokuzenzakalela kumodi exubile yokuhamba amabanga amade. Izimoto zikagesi ezihlanganisiwe azikho imbobo yokushaja yangaphandle; bashaja ibhethri ngokuphehla amandla enjini nokubhuleka kabusha, basebenze ngamandla ayingxube yonke indawo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokushaja mathupha.
Uhlelo lokushintsha amandla oluhlakaniphile luwumgogodla ogqamile, lushintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo izindlela zokushayela ngokwezimo zomgwaqo: lushintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo luye kumodi kagesi omsulwa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni eziminyene ukuze kukhishwe i-zero nomsindo ophansi; isebenzisa imodi yokushayela eqondile yenjini ngesivinini esikhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphuma kwamandla ngenkathi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla; futhi yenza kusebenze imodi exubile ukuze kukhuliswe ukuphuma kwamandla lapho ukhuphuka amagquma noma ngaphansi komthwalo ogcwele.
Izihlalo zenzelwe ukunethezeka nokuhlala isikhathi eside, zisebenzisa ukugcwala kwegwebu eliphindwe kaningi. Amanye amamodeli afakwe ukusekelwa kwe-lumbar ukuze anciphise ukukhathala phakathi nohambo olude. Ingaphezulu lesihlalo lisebenzisa izinto zesikhumba ezingenwe amabala futhi ezingagugi; amabala angasulwa ahlanzeke ngokuqondile ngendwangu emanzi, kuncishiswe izindleko zokunakekela uma kuqhathaniswa namamodeli kagesi ahlanzekile asezingeni eliphezulu.
Ukucushwa Okuhlakaniphile Kubhalansisa Ukusebenza Nokuphepha. Amabhasi amaningi asetshenziswayo afakwe amatheminali okuqapha angaphakathi, angaqapha isimo sebhethri, imodi yamandla, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, nedatha yokushayela ngesikhathi sangempela, kube lula ukusebenza nokuphathwa. Amanye amamodeli anendawo ye-GPS nemisebenzi yokuxilonga ekude, enganikeza isexwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi sokuhluleka kwesistimu yamandla futhi yehlise izingozi zokulungisa. Mayelana nezokuphepha, imishini ejwayelekile ihlanganisa i-ABS anti-lock braking system, EBD electronic brakeforce distribution system, nama-airbag omshayeli nabagibeli. Amanye amamodeli asezingeni eliphezulu athuthukiswa abe ukuqapha okuphelele kwemoto, ukuqapha umfutho wamathayi, kanye nezinhlelo zokuxwayisa ngokuhamba komzila ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kokusebenza.
Umzimba wamukela umklamo we-semi-monocoque, futhi isakhiwo se-chassis siqinisiwe. Isistimu yokumiswa ngokuvamile iyinhlanganisela yeziphethu zamaqabunga kanye nokumiswa komoya, okuqinisekisa kokubili umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo kanye nokunethezeka kokugibela okuthuthukisiwe. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zesistimu yamandla zisebenzisa idizayini eyimojuli, futhi injini, injini, nebhethri kungahlakazwa ngokuzimela futhi kulungiswe, kunciphise ubunzima bokuxazulula inkinga.
Izindleko zokunakekela eziphansi kunamabhasi asebenza ngophethiloli endabuko angenye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zamabhasi ayingxube esetshenzisiwe. Mayelana nemijikelezo yokunakekela, injini idinga ukunakekelwa njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-10,000, kanye nemoto njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-20,000. Umjikelezo wokulungisa usuwonke mude kunalowo wamabhasi ahamba ngophethiloli, ikakhulukazi ohlanganisa uwoyela wenjini noshintsho lwesihlungi sikawoyela, nokuhlolwa kwezimoto namabhethri. Inqubo yenziwa lula futhi ayidingi imishini yokulungisa izimoto zamandla amasha.
Izindleko zengxenye ziyalawuleka kakhulu. Izingxenye zesistimu yesibaseli njengenjini kanye nokuhambayo kuyashintshana namabhasi endabuko, futhi izingxenye azibizi futhi zitholakala kalula. Izingxenye zamandla amasha njengenjini nebhethri zinezilinganiso eziphansi zokuhluleka, ehlisa izindleko zokuyilungisa ngaphezu kuka-50% uma kuqhathaniswa namabhasi kagesi amsulwa.
Izithuthi zomphakathi zasemadolobheni ziwumongo wesicelo samabhasi ayingxubevange asetshenzisiwe, afaneleka kakhulu amadolobha amancane naphakathi nendawo anengqalasizinda yokushaja enganele. Imodi yayo kagesi emsulwa ingamboza imigwaqo eminyene phakathi namahora aphakeme, ifeze ukusebenza kwe-zero-emission; phakathi namahora okungasebenzi kanye nemizila emide, ishintshela kumodi exubile, isuse isidingo sokushaja phakathi nohambo.
Ezimweni zokuthutha abagibeli basemaphandleni nasemadolobheni, inzuzo "yokungakhokhisi" yamabhasi ayingxube esetshenzisiwe igqama kakhulu. Iziteshi zokushaja ziyindlala ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, kodwa izimoto ezixubile zingasebenza ngokuphelele ngenhlanganisela kaphethiloli namandla kagesi, ziqede ukukhathazeka kwebanga. Ubukhulu bazo obuminyene buzivumela ukuba zihambe emigwaqweni ewumngcingo yasemaphandleni, kuyilapho umphumela wazo onamandla uphatha indawo enezintaba.
Ezimeni zesevisi ye-tourism shuttle, amabhasi asetshenziswayo ahlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zemisebenzi yohambo oluningi, ukusuka edolobheni ukuya ezindaweni ezibukekayo ukuya kuhambo olude. Imodi kagesi ehlanzekile isetshenziswa edolobheni ukuya emizileni yezindawo ezinhle ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa komsindo; Imodi ye-hybrid ishintshwa emizileni ekude phakathi kwezindawo ezinhle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ububanzi. Izingxenye zabo zemithwalo ezivulekile kanye nezihlalo ezikhululekile kuthuthukisa ulwazi lwabagibeli.
Amabhasi ayingxubevange asetshenzisiwe, anezinzuzo zawo eziyinhloko "zokuvikela imvelo nokonga amandla, ibanga elingenazinkathazo, nezindleko ezilawulekayo," abonisa inani elingenakubuyiseleka ngesikhathi sokushintshela ezimotweni zamandla amasha. Ukubukeka kwazo okusesitayeleni, ukwakheka kwendawo okuklanywe ngokwesayensi, ukusebenza okuhlangene kukaphethiloli namandla kagesi, nokusebenza okuvuthiwe nokuthembekile kuzenza zifaneleke ngokuphelele izimo ezihlukahlukene ezifana nezithuthi zomphakathi zasemadolobheni, ezokuthutha abagibeli basemaphandleni, kanye nezinsiza ze-tourism shuttle. Kubathengi abanengqalasizinda yokushaja enganele kanye nesidingo sokusebenza ezimweni eziningi, amabhasi e-hybrid asetshenzisiwe awagcini nje ukunciphisa izindleko zokuthenga kokuqala, kodwa futhi asindise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokugcinwa kwezindleko ngokusebenza isikhathi eside, ngenkathi ephendula izinqubomgomo zokuvikela imvelo nokusungula isithombe sokusebenza okuluhlaza.
